A critical review on biomass pyrolysis: Reaction mechanisms, process modeling and potential challenges

Pyrolysis is a versatile technology for exploiting diversified feedstocks to produce wide range of products, including biochar, bio-oil, and syngas with high potential in diverse applications. The cardinal motivation pyrolysis research productively use biomass reduce adverse impacts on ecology enhance process economics. However, complex reactions pose operational challenges. Thus, the present review targets reaction mechanisms kinetics understanding better control, improved performance, product distribution. major structural components biomass, such as cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, well proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, are discussed detail. Various modeling techniques tools, viz., mathematical, kinetic, computational fluid dynamic modeling, machine learning algorithms, have been employed understand In addition, most critical challenges, namely aerosol formation, tar formation their removal mechanisms, that severely impact products identified reported. work critically discusses state-of-art pyrolysis, focusing mechanism, associated challenges overcome, given enhanced.